{"id":989739,"date":"2022-11-21T23:34:50","date_gmt":"2022-11-22T02:34:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biogroup.com.ar\/geology-and-hydrogeology\/"},"modified":"2026-05-19T07:19:03","modified_gmt":"2026-05-19T10:19:03","slug":"geology-and-hydrogeology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/biogroup.com.ar\/en\/geology-and-hydrogeology\/","title":{"rendered":"Geology and Hydrogeology"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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<\/div>\n
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\n \ud83c\udf0d VES \u00b7 MODFLOW \u00b7 RT3D \u00b7 RBCA \u00b7 Phreatimeters \u00b7 Plume Mapping \u00b7 ASTM E1739 \u00b7 E2081\n <\/div>\n

\n Geology & Hydrogeology<\/span>\n <\/h1>\n

\n Hydrogeological investigations, numerical modelling and risk-based corrective\n action for contaminated soil and groundwater.\n <\/p>\n

\n Biogroup has a multidisciplinary team of geologists and hydrogeologists who\n carry out hydrogeological and geophysical studies<\/strong>\n to assess the extent of soil and groundwater contamination \u2014 integrating field\n surveys, vertical electrical soundings (VES), phreatimeter networks,\n MODFLOW groundwater flow modelling<\/strong>,\n RT3D three-dimensional contaminant transport<\/strong>\n and risk assessment under the RBCA framework (ASTM E1739 \/ E2081).\n <\/p>\n

\n From the initial geological survey through to the numerical model and the risk\n assessment report \u2014 Biogroup provides the complete technical basis for contaminated\n site characterisation, remediation design and regulatory approval of site closure.\n <\/p>\n

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MODFLOW + RT3D<\/div>\n
Numerical modelling<\/div><\/div>\n
VES geophysics<\/div>\n
Vertical electrical sounding<\/div><\/div>\n
RBCA \u00b7 E1739<\/div>\n
Risk-based corrective action<\/div><\/div>\n
+35 years<\/div>\n
Contaminated site expertise<\/div><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f<\/div>\n
\n Field investigation to numerical model<\/div>\n
Integrated service from\n geological survey and phreatimeter installation to MODFLOW groundwater flow modelling\n and RT3D contaminant transport simulation \u2014 the complete technical basis for remediation\n design and regulatory site closure.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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\u2696\ufe0f<\/div>\n
\n RBCA risk assessment<\/div>\n
Risk-Based Corrective\n Action (RBCA) under ASTM E1739 and E2081 \u2014 the internationally recognised framework\n for establishing site-specific cleanup targets. Generates defensible risk-based\n goals that avoid over-remediation.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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\n Regulatory acceptance<\/div>\n
Reports accepted by\n Argentine environmental authorities \u2014 SAyDS, OPDS, provincial agencies \u2014 for\n site characterisation, Phase II ESA, remediation action plans and formal\n site closure certification.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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<\/div>\n Field investigation services \u2014 subsurface characterisation<\/span>\n
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\n From the soil surface to the aquifer \u2014 systematic subsurface investigation<\/div>\n
\n Reliable hydrogeological modelling starts with reliable field data. Biogroup's\n field team combines geological borings, geophysical surveys and phreatimeter\n installation with soil and water sampling \u2014 providing the dataset that drives\n both the conceptual site model and the numerical simulation.<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n \ud83d\udd29<\/span>\n
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Soil Borings & Well Logging<\/div>\n
Rotary \u00b7 hollow-stem auger \u00b7 direct push<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Drilling of exploratory boreholes and monitoring wells using rotary, hollow-stem auger or direct push methods depending on lithology and depth. Continuous soil logging with description of stratigraphy, lithology, grain size, colour and odour. Collection of split-spoon samples at defined intervals for laboratory analysis. Borehole completion with PVC screen and casing for long-term monitoring installation.<\/div>\n<\/div>
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Phreatimeter Construction<\/div>\n
Groundwater monitoring wells \u00b7 HDPE\/PVC casing \u00b7 well development<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Design and construction of groundwater monitoring wells (phreatimeters) for long-term aquifer monitoring. Well design parameters \u2014 screen interval, slot size, casing diameter and gravel pack specification \u2014 adapted to local hydrogeological conditions. Development and purging protocols to ensure representative samples. Installation of dedicated pumping equipment or passive sampling devices where appropriate.<\/div>\n<\/div>
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Geoelectrical Studies \u2014 VES<\/div>\n
Schlumberger array \u00b7 resistivity \u00b7 stratigraphic interpretation<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) using Schlumberger electrode array to determine subsurface electrical resistivity profiles. Interpreted to delineate aquifer depth, thickness and lateral extent, identify confining layers and locate the phreatic surface without drilling. Particularly valuable as a low-cost screening tool before committing to a drilling programme.<\/div>\n<\/div>
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Groundwater Sampling<\/div>\n
Low-flow sampling \u00b7 HDPE bailers \u00b7 field parameters \u00b7 purge records<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Representative groundwater sampling from monitoring wells following low-flow purging protocols. Measurement of field parameters (pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, redox potential, turbidity, temperature) during purging to verify sample representativeness. Samples preserved and transported to Biogroup's laboratory under documented chain of custody.<\/div>\n<\/div>
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Hydraulic Testing<\/div>\n
Slug tests \u00b7 bail tests \u00b7 pumping tests \u00b7 transmissivity \u00b7 hydraulic conductivity<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Hydraulic testing to determine aquifer hydraulic properties \u2014 hydraulic conductivity (K), transmissivity (T) and storativity (S). Slug tests and bail tests for rapid K estimation in monitoring wells. Pumping tests with observation wells for spatial characterisation of aquifer properties needed for MODFLOW parameterisation.<\/div>\n<\/div>
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Soil Sampling for Analysis<\/div>\n
Systematic sampling grid \u00b7 USEPA sampling protocols<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
Systematic soil sampling for chemical analysis following EPA sampling protocols \u2014 grid-based or transect designs for site characterisation, targeted sampling along suspected migration pathways and confirmation sampling at the perimeter of the contaminated zone. Samples submitted to Biogroup's laboratory for full contaminant panel per Table 9 Ley 24.051.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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<\/div>\n Numerical modelling \u2014 MODFLOW and RT3D<\/span>\n
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\n The global standard software for groundwater flow and contaminant transport modelling<\/div>\n
\n Numerical groundwater models translate field measurements into predictive tools \u2014\n enabling simulation of aquifer behaviour, contaminant plume evolution and remediation\n system performance before any physical intervention. Both models are calibrated against\n measured field data and validated before use in decision-making.<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n \ud83d\udca7 VISUAL MODFLOW<\/div>\n
\n 3D finite-difference groundwater flow modelling \u00b7 US Geological Survey \u00b7 industry standard<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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\n VISUAL MODFLOW is the industry-standard software for three-dimensional,\n finite-difference groundwater flow modelling \u2014 the graphical interface to the\n USGS MODFLOW engine. Used to simulate aquifer hydraulics, determine groundwater\n flow directions and velocities, assess well capture zones and predict the\n hydrological response to pumping or recharge scenarios.<\/p>\n

\n \u2713 Steady-state and transient flow simulation
\n \u2713 Multi-layer aquifer systems
\n \u2713 Calibration against measured water table levels
\n \u2713 Groundwater flow direction and velocity maps
\n \u2713 Well capture zone delineation
\n \u2713 Pumping test interpretation and aquifer parameterisation
\n \u2713 Sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n
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\n \u2623\ufe0f RT3D \u2014 Contaminant Transport Modelling<\/div>\n
\n 3D reactive transport \u00b7 dissolved contaminants \u00b7 chemical reactions \u00b7 plume evolution<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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\n RT3D (Reactive Transport in 3D) simulates the three-dimensional movement and\n transformation of dissolved contaminants in groundwater \u2014 including advection,\n dispersion, sorption, decay and chemical reactions. Coupled to MODFLOW flow fields,\n it predicts plume evolution, receptor exposure concentrations and the effectiveness\n of remediation interventions over time.<\/p>\n

\n \u2713 Contaminant plume extent and trajectory prediction
\n \u2713 Time-of-travel calculations to receptors
\n \u2713 Sorption (Kd, Koc, retardation factor)
\n \u2713 Biodegradation rate modelling (first-order)
\n \u2713 NAPL dissolution source term
\n \u2713 Remediation system performance prediction
\n \u2713 Plume stabilisation and natural attenuation assessment\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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<\/div>\n Contour maps and contaminant plume mapping<\/span>\n
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\n From sampling data to spatial understanding of contamination<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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\n Spatial analysis of sampling data to generate maps that communicate the distribution\n and extent of contamination clearly and unambiguously \u2014 the key communication tool\n for regulators, site owners and remediation engineers.<\/p>\n

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Water table contour maps<\/div>
Equipotential lines and groundwater flow direction arrows from synchronous piezometric level measurements<\/div><\/div>
Contaminant concentration maps<\/div>
Isopleth maps of chemical concentrations in groundwater and soil \u2014 identifying maximum concentration zones and plume boundaries<\/div><\/div>
Exceedance maps<\/div>
Areas where concentrations exceed regulatory guidelines (Table 9 Ley 24.051, ASTM RBCA tier thresholds) \u2014 the basis for delineating the remediation zone<\/div><\/div>
Plume evolution maps<\/div>
Time-series maps showing historical plume expansion or contraction \u2014 critical for MNA (Monitored Natural Attenuation) documentation<\/div><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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<\/div>\n Dispersion modelling in surface water<\/span>\n
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\n \ud83c\udf0a Contaminant dispersion in rivers and surface water bodies<\/div>\n
\n Advection-diffusion models \u00b7 mixing zones \u00b7 downstream concentration profiles<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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\n Application of mathematical dispersion models to predict the downstream fate and\n transport of contaminants discharged to rivers, streams and surface water bodies.\n Determines mixing zones, time-of-travel, dilution factors and downstream concentration\n profiles at sensitive receptors (water intakes, bathing areas, fisheries).<\/div>\n
\n \u2713 Conservative tracer dispersion (advection-diffusion)
\n \u2713 Reactive contaminant transport (with decay)
\n \u2713 Mixing zone delineation for discharge permits
\n \u2713 Downstream receptor concentration prediction
\n \u2713 Environmental impact assessment support
\n \u2713 Spill response modelling (emergency scenarios)\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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<\/div>\n RBCA \u2014 Risk-Based Corrective Action (ASTM E1739 \/ E2081)<\/span>\n
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\n Risk-Based Corrective Action \u2014 the internationally recognised framework for contaminated site decisions<\/div>\n
\n ASTM E1739 (petroleum-contaminated sites) \u00b7 ASTM E2081 (generic RBCA) \u00b7 human health and ecological risk<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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\n RBCA provides a systematic, tiered framework for evaluating risk at contaminated sites\n and establishing site-specific cleanup goals \u2014 moving beyond generic table-based standards\n to risk-based targets that reflect actual site conditions, exposure scenarios and land use.\n This prevents over-remediation while ensuring genuine risk reduction.<\/p>\n\n

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Tier 1 \u2014 Screening<\/div>\n
Comparison of site data against\n published look-up table values (generic risk-based screening levels). Rapid, conservative\n assessment \u2014 requires no site-specific calculations.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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Tier 2 \u2014 Site-specific<\/div>\n
Calculation of site-specific\n risk-based concentrations using actual site soil properties (porosity, organic carbon,\n bulk density) and measured hydraulic parameters.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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Tier 3 \u2014 Full risk assessment<\/div>\n
Comprehensive probabilistic or\n deterministic risk assessment incorporating fate and transport modelling (RT3D),\n exposure pathway analysis and receptor characterisation.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n
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\n Human health risk assessment<\/div>\n
\n Exposure pathway analysis (ingestion, dermal contact, inhalation of vapours from soil\/groundwater),\n receptor characterisation (residential, industrial, recreational), cancer risk and\n hazard quotient calculation. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and hazard\n index (HI) per EPA risk assessment guidelines.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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\n Ecological risk assessment<\/div>\n
\n Assessment of risks to ecological receptors \u2014 soil invertebrates, plants, birds\n and small mammals \u2014 from contaminated soil and groundwater. Ecotoxicological\n benchmarks (NOEC, LOEC, chronic criteria) compared against measured concentrations\n per EPA ecological risk assessment framework.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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<\/div>\n Typical investigation workflow<\/span>\n
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\n Biogroup provides all phases of the contaminated site investigation cycle \u2014 from\n desktop review and conceptual site model development through field characterisation,\n numerical modelling and final risk assessment.<\/p>\n

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1<\/div>\n
Desktop review & conceptual site model<\/div>\n
Review of available geological maps, borehole logs, historical site use, previous investigations and aerial imagery. Development of the initial conceptual site model (CSM) defining likely contaminant sources, pathways and receptors.<\/div><\/div>\n <\/div>
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2<\/div>\n
Geophysical survey (VES)<\/div>\n
Vertical Electrical Sounding profiles to delineate subsurface stratigraphy, aquifer geometry and depth to water table \u2014 before committing to a drilling programme. Identifies optimal borehole locations.<\/div><\/div>\n <\/div>
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3<\/div>\n
Field investigation \u2014 borings & phreatimeter installation<\/div>\n
Drilling programme, continuous soil logging, split-spoon sampling, phreatimeter installation, hydraulic testing and representative groundwater sampling.<\/div><\/div>\n <\/div>
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4<\/div>\n
Laboratory analysis<\/div>\n
Soil and groundwater samples submitted to Biogroup's laboratory for the full contaminant panel \u2014 TPH, BTEX, PAHs, VOCs, metals, pesticides, per Table 9 Ley 24.051 and site-specific requirements.<\/div><\/div>\n <\/div>
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5<\/div>\n
Data analysis & contaminant mapping<\/div>\n
Statistical analysis, water table contouring, contaminant concentration mapping, plume delineation and exceedance mapping against regulatory screening levels.<\/div><\/div>\n <\/div>
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6<\/div>\n
Numerical modelling & RBCA risk assessment<\/div>\n
MODFLOW groundwater flow model calibration, RT3D contaminant transport simulation, exposure pathway analysis, RBCA tiered risk assessment and site-specific cleanup goal derivation \u2014 the final deliverable for regulatory approval.<\/div><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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<\/div>\n Applications \u2014 when hydrogeological investigation is required<\/span>\n
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\u26fd<\/div>
Petrol stations & fuel spills<\/div>
Full Phase I\/II\/III investigation and RBCA risk assessment for UST sites \u2014 the most frequent application in Argentina.<\/div><\/div>
\ud83c\udfed<\/div>
Industrial site transactions<\/div>
Phase II environmental site assessments for property transactions, plant closures and industrial M&A due diligence.<\/div><\/div>
\ud83d\uddd1\ufe0f<\/div>
Landfill & waste sites<\/div>
Groundwater impact assessment, leachate plume characterisation and monitoring network design for landfill facilities.<\/div><\/div>
\ud83c\udf3f<\/div>
Remediation design support<\/div>
Site characterisation data and MODFLOW\/RT3D models provide the input for remediation system design (pump-and-treat, PRB, ISCO, MNA).<\/div><\/div>
\ud83d\udccb<\/div>
Regulatory submissions<\/div>
Contaminated site investigation reports, risk assessment dossiers and remediation action plans for submission to SAyDS, OPDS and provincial environmental authorities.<\/div><\/div>
\u2696\ufe0f<\/div>
Legal proceedings<\/div>
Expert witness hydrogeological investigations for environmental litigation \u2014 groundwater contamination responsibility, damage extent quantification and plume attribution.<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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<\/div>\n Official registrations<\/span>\n
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Provincial registry<\/div>\n
Official Registry of Environmental Consultants, Experts and Expert Witnesses<\/div>\n
Province of Santa Fe, Argentina<\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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Ministerial registry<\/div>\n
Registry of Environmental Impact Assessment Consultants<\/div>\n
Ministry of Environment, Argentina<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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<\/div>\n Related services<\/span>\n
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\ud83d\udca7 Underground Water \u2192<\/div>
Groundwater monitoring \u00b7 freatimeters \u00b7 HPLC-MS\/MS glyphosate<\/div><\/a>
\ud83c\udf31 Sites Remediation \u2192<\/div>
ISCO \u00b7 bioremediation \u00b7 MNA \u00b7 landfarming \u00b7 closure<\/div><\/a>
\ud83c\udf3f Environmental Passives \u2192<\/div>
Phase I \u00b7 II \u00b7 RBCA \u00b7 EIA \u00b7 due diligence<\/div><\/a>
\u2696\ufe0f Risk Analysis \u2192<\/div>
Human health \u00b7 ecological \u00b7 ASTM \u00b7 EPA guidance<\/div><\/a>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n VES \u00b7 Phreatimeters \u00b7 MODFLOW \u00b7 RT3D \u00b7 RBCA \u00b7 ASTM E1739 \u00b7 E2081\n <\/div>\n
\n Need a hydrogeological investigation or risk assessment?<\/div>\n
\n From a vertical electrical survey and phreatimeter installation to a full\n MODFLOW\/RT3D model and RBCA risk assessment report \u2014 Biogroup provides the\n complete technical basis for contaminated site characterisation and regulatory\n approval of remediation and site closure.\n <\/div>\n \n Request a hydrogeological study \u2192<\/a>\n
\n \ud83d\udcde +54 341 425-6431<\/span>\n \ud83d\udcde +54 341 447-4486<\/span>\n \u2709 biogroup@biogroup.com.ar<\/span>\n \ud83d\udccd 3 de febrero 920 \u00b7 Rosario, Argentina<\/span>\n Mon\u2013Fri 08:00\u201317:00<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

🌍 VES \u00b7 MODFLOW \u00b7 RT3D \u00b7 RBCA \u00b7 Phreatimeters \u00b7 Plume Mapping \u00b7 ASTM E1739 \u00b7 E2081 Geology & Hydrogeology Hydrogeological investigations, numerical modelling and risk-based corrective action for contaminated soil and groundwater. Biogroup has a multidisciplinary team of geologists and hydrogeologists who carry out hydrogeological and geophysical studies to assess the extent of…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-989739","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nGeology and Hydrogeology - BioGroup<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biogroup.com.ar\/en\/geology-and-hydrogeology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Geology and Hydrogeology - BioGroup\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"🌍 VES \u00b7 MODFLOW \u00b7 RT3D \u00b7 RBCA \u00b7 Phreatimeters \u00b7 Plume Mapping \u00b7 ASTM E1739 \u00b7 E2081 Geology & Hydrogeology Hydrogeological investigations, numerical modelling and risk-based corrective action for contaminated soil and groundwater. Biogroup has a multidisciplinary team of geologists and hydrogeologists who carry out hydrogeological and geophysical studies to assess the extent of...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/biogroup.com.ar\/en\/geology-and-hydrogeology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BioGroup\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-19T10:19:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"14 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biogroup.com.ar\\\/en\\\/geology-and-hydrogeology\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biogroup.com.ar\\\/en\\\/geology-and-hydrogeology\\\/\",\"name\":\"Geology and Hydrogeology - BioGroup\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biogroup.com.ar\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-11-22T02:34:50+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-19T10:19:03+00:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/biogroup.com.ar\\\/en\\\/geology-and-hydrogeology\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biogroup.com.ar\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biogroup.com.ar\\\/\",\"name\":\"BioGroup\",\"description\":\"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biogroup.com.ar\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biogroup.com.ar\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biogroup.com.ar\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"BioGroup\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biogroup.com.ar\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biogroup.com.ar\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biogroup.com.ar\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/cropped-logo-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biogroup.com.ar\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/cropped-logo-1.jpg\",\"width\":573,\"height\":145,\"caption\":\"BioGroup\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/biogroup.com.ar\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Geology and Hydrogeology - BioGroup","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/biogroup.com.ar\/en\/geology-and-hydrogeology\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Geology and Hydrogeology - BioGroup","og_description":"🌍 VES \u00b7 MODFLOW \u00b7 RT3D \u00b7 RBCA \u00b7 Phreatimeters \u00b7 Plume Mapping \u00b7 ASTM E1739 \u00b7 E2081 Geology & Hydrogeology Hydrogeological investigations, numerical modelling and risk-based corrective action for contaminated soil and groundwater. 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